How can I apply an already created texture to a mesh in Nomad?

That’s not possible in Nomad.
Right now vertex paint is the only way of getting your mesh textured in Nomad.
Texture painting isn’t something planned see:

However you can use another app like Procreate to use texture maps.

Tip: It’s also possible to UV unwrap your mesh in Nomad and texture paint in Procreate.